In the last decade, gabapentin has quietly become one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. What started as a treatment for seizures and nerve pain has expanded far beyond its original purpose. According to recent CDC data, prescriptions nearly doubled between 2010 and 2016, and although the pace has slowed since then, gabapentin use is still climbing. By 2024, more than 15 million people were receiving it, making it the fifth most dispensed drug in retail pharmacies.Part of the rise comes from doctors using gabapentin “off-label.” That means it’s being prescribed for conditions not officially approved by the FDA, such as certain types of chronic pain. For many patients, it can offer relief when other treatments fail. But the increasing popularity also raises concerns. While gabapentin is often seen as safer than opioids, it carries its own risks—some of which aren’t widely known. From side effects that affect daily functioning to more serious dangers like breathing problems when combined with other drugs, the medication demands careful attention. Patients may not always realize these risks, and many don’t know what symptoms to watch for.
What is Gabapentin and why is it prescribed?
Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug approved by the FDA to treat seizures, nerve pain after shingles, and restless legs syndrome. It’s sold under the brand name Neurontin and also as a lower-cost generic. The drug comes in capsules, tablets, and liquid form, while an extended-release version is approved only for restless legs syndrome.
Doctors often prescribe gabapentin off-label when they believe it may help with conditions beyond its approved uses. This has contributed to its widespread availability and popularity.Many people taking gabapentin experience drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision. These effects may seem mild but can interfere with driving, working, or daily concentration. Some patients also report nausea, digestive problems, or swelling in the hands and feet. Others notice weight gain, headaches, or flu-like symptoms that are hard to connect to the medication at first.
Rare but serious reactions
In rare cases, gabapentin can trigger severe allergic responses, including swelling of the face or throat, rashes, or yellowing of the skin. Some people may develop difficulty speaking or swallowing. Others notice sudden changes in memory, concentration, or even personality. These warning signs should never be ignored, as they may signal dangerous complications.
Breathing problems and abuse potential
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The FDA has warned that gabapentin can cause serious breathing issues, especially in people who take opioids, live with chronic lung disease, or are older. Because gabapentin can increase the effects of opioids, it has also been linked to misuse and, in some cases, overdose deaths.
Mental health concerns
Another overlooked risk is its possible impact on mood. Rare cases have connected gabapentin use to suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Patients and families are urged to watch for unusual changes, such as aggression, depression, or talk of self-harm, and report them immediately to a doctor.Stopping gabapentin suddenly can trigger seizures, even in people who were not taking it for epilepsy. That’s why doctors recommend tapering the dose gradually rather than quitting cold turkey. If you need to stop taking it, your physician will guide you through a safe plan.
